[喜悦]什么是IPFS？星际文件系统：完整的初学者指南

时间：2024-01-31|浏览：290

什么是IPFS星际文件系统完整的初学者指南

HTTP 与 IPFS，图片来自 MaxCDN

虽然 HTTP 为我们提供了我们今天所知的互联网，但它已经过时了，并且在 20 多年后，普遍存在的问题变得越来越明显。

当今 HTTP 实施所产生的关键问题是互联网流量大幅增加以及由此产生的压力点被放大的结果。

当前HTTP的实现中，出现了如下问题。

一次从单个服务器下载文件导致内容交付效率低下。
昂贵的带宽成本和文件重复导致存储臃肿。
服务器和提供商的日益集中化导致互联网审查制度的加强。
互联网上存储的信息历史脆弱，网页寿命短。
间歇性连接导致发展中国家离线且连接速度缓慢。

问题不胜枚举，在技术创新时代，一项已有 20 多年历史的技术变得更加明显过时也就不足为奇了。

IPFS 提供了互联网发挥其真正潜力所需的分布式存储和文件系统。

在 IPFS 中，您不需要从单个服务器下载文件，而是要求网络中的对等点为您提供文件的路径，而不是来自中央服务器的文件路径。

这使得大容量数据分发具有高效率、历史版本控制、弹性网络以及通过加密散列保护和验证并在对等网络上分发的内容的持久可用性。

所有这些听起来都很有希望，但它是如何运作的呢？

IPFS 如何工作？

基本上，IPFS 与我们今天所知的万维网是一个类似的概念，但更像是在单个 Git 存储库中交换对象的单个 BitTorrent 群。

文件通过基于 BitTorrent 的协议分发。

重要的是，IPFS 作为 Kodemila、BitTorrent 和 Git 的某种组合来创建互联网的分布式子系统。

该协议的设计提供了互联网的历史版本控制，就像 Git 一样。

每个文件及其中的所有块都被赋予一个唯一的标识符，这是一个加密哈希。

通过网络删除重复项，并跟踪每个文件的版本历史记录。

这会导致内容持续可用，其中网页不会因为服务器故障或网络主机破产而消失。

什么是IPFS星际文件系统完整的初学者指南

IPFS 的工作原理，来源

Further, the authenticity of content is guaranteed through this mechanism and when looking up files, you are essentially asking the network to find nodes storing the content behind the unique identifying hash associated with that content.

The links between the nodes in IPFS take the form of cryptographic hashes, and this is possible because of its Merkle DAG (Directed Acyclic Graphs) data architecture. The benefits of Merkle DAGs to IPFS include the following:

Content Addressing – Content has a unique identifier that is the cryptographic hash of the file.
No Duplication – Files with the same content cannot be duplicated and only stored once.
Tamper Proof – Data is verified with its checksum, so if the hash changes, then IPFS will know the data is tampered with.

IPFS links file structures to each other using Merkle links and every file can be found by human-readable names using a decentralized naming system called IPNS.

The implementation of Merkle Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGS) are important to the underlying functionality of the protocol, but is more technical than the scope of this article.

If you are interested in learning more about this aspect of IPFS, you can find much more detailed information on the IPFS Github page and more about how Merkle trees work here.

Each node only stores the content that it is interested in and indexes the information that allows it to figure out who is storing what. The framework for IPFS fundamentally removes the need for centralized servers to deliver website content to users.

Eventually, this concept may entirely push the HTTP protocol into irrelevance and allow users to access content locally, offline. Instead of searching for servers as with the current infrastructure of the Internet, users will be searching for unique ID’s (cryptographic hashes), enabling millions of computers to deliver the file to you instead of just one server.

The current main implementation of IPFS is in Go with implementations in both Python and Javascript on the way. It is compatible with Linux, MacOSX, Windows, and FreeBSD.

Being an open source and community driven project, you can contribute by following the directions and documents on their Github page or operate your own IPFS node.

Use Cases and Implications

There are already some important use cases for IPFS and more are sure to arise as the protocol continues to develop. Offering the new, distributed P2P architecture for the Internet comes with its complexities, but the benefits can be seen in everything from massive financial savings in storage and bandwidth to integration with distributed blockchain networks.

Obvious advantages that come with the distributed storage model of IPFS apply to vastly more efficient data storage and immutable, permanence along with it.

网站将不再因服务器宕机或 HTTP 链接链中断而陷入周期性 404 错误消息。

此外，在效率方面，研究人员可以获得显着的优势，特别是那些需要解析和分析非常大的数据集的人。

随着大数据在现代科学中的普及，IPFS 提供的快速性能和分布式数据归档将与加速进步相关。

服务提供商和内容创建者还可以大幅降低向客户提供大量数据的相关成本。

当前这种范式的迭代受到带宽成本增加和数据提供商因对等协议收费而受到阻碍。

通过互连网络的集中式基础设施交付内容的相关成本只会不断增加，并创造出一个严重低效和进一步集中化的环境，以试图克服这些负担。

什么是IPFS星际文件系统完整的初学者指南