[克里斯]一个免费的人工智能图像数据集因儿童性虐待图像而被删除，此前曾受到批评

时间：2023-12-21|浏览：306

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斯坦福大学互联网的一份新报告称，大型开源人工智能数据集 LAION-5B 已用于训练稳定扩散和谷歌 Imagen 等流行的人工智能文本到图像生成器，其中包含至少 1,008 个儿童性虐待材料实例天文台发现——还有数千起疑似病例。

斯坦福互联网观测站是网络政策中心的一个项目，是弗里曼·斯波利国际问题研究所和斯坦福大学法学院的联合倡议。

报告称，LAION-5B 数据集于 2022 年 3 月发布，包含来自互联网的超过 50 亿张图像和相关说明文字，还可能包括数千条疑似儿童性虐待材料（CSAM）。

该报告警告说，数据集中的 CSAM 材料可以使基于这些数据构建的人工智能产品能够输出新的且可能真实的虐待儿童内容。

作为回应，LAION 周二告诉 404 Media，出于“高度谨慎”，它暂时删除了其数据集，“以确保在重新发布之前它们是安全的”。

LAION 数据集之前曾受到过批评

但这并不是 LAION 的图像数据集第一次受到攻击。

早在 2021 年 10 月，认知科学家 Abeba Birhane（现任 Mozilla 值得信赖的人工智能高级研究员）就发表了一篇论文《

多模态数据集：厌女症、色情和恶性刻板印象》

，该论文研究了早期的图像数据集 LAION-400M。

研究发现，该数据集包含“令人不安的露骨图像和文本对，包括强奸、色情、恶意刻板印象、种族主义和种族诽谤以及其他极其有问题的内容。”

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2022 年 9 月，一名艺术家发现 LAION-5B 图像数据集中引用了她的医生于 2013 年拍摄的私人医疗记录照片。

艺术家 Lapine 在 Have I Been Trained 网站上发现了这些照片，该网站允许人们在流行的人工智能训练数据集中查找他们的作品。

And a class-action lawsuit, Andersen et al. v. Stability AI LTD et al., was brought by visual artists Sarah Andersen, Kelly McKernan, and Karla Ortiz against Stability AI, Midjourney, and DeviantArt in January 2023. While LAION was not sued, it was named in the lawsuit, which said that “Stability is alleged to have ‘downloaded of otherwise acquired copies of billions of copyrighted images without permission to create Stable Diffusion’ known as ‘training images.’ Over five billion images were scraped (and thereby copied) from the internet for training purposes for Stable Diffusion through the services of an organization (LAION, Large-Scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network) paid by Stability.”

Ortiz, an award-winning artist who has worked for Industrial Light & Magic (ILM),Marvel Film Studios, Universal Studios and HBO, spoke at a virtual FTC panel in October and discussed the LAION-5B dataset.

“LAION-5B is a dataset that contains 5.8 billion text and image pairs, which…includes the entirety of my work and the work of almost everyone I know,” she said. “Beyond intellectual property, data sets like LAION-5B also contain deeply concerning material like private medical records, non consensual pornography, images of children, even social media pictures of our actual faces.”

AI pioneer Andrew Ng has criticized removing access to LAION

As VentureBeat reported in September, Andrew Ng, former co-founder and head of Google Brain, has made no bones about the fact that the latest advances in machine learning have depended on free access to large quantities of data, much of it scraped from the open internet.

In an issue of his DeepLearning.ai newsletter, The Batch, titled “It’s Time to Update Copyright for Generative AI, he wrote that a lack of access to massive popular datasets such asCommon Crawl,The Pile, andLAIONwould put the brakes on progress or at least radically alter the economics of current research.

“This would degrade AI’s current and future benefits in areas such as art, education, drug development, and manufacturing, to name a few,” he said.

And in theJune 7 editionof The Batch, Ng admitted that the AI community is entering an era in which it will be called upon to be more transparent in our collection and use of data. “We shouldn’t take resources likeLAIONfor granted, because we may not always have permission to use them,” he wrote.

LAION was founded to create an open-source dataset

Hamburg, Germany-based high school teacher and trained actor Christoph Schuhmann helped found LAION, short for “Large-scale AI Open Network. According to an April 2023 Bloomberg article, Schuhmann was hanging out on a Discord server for AI enthusiasts and was inspired by the first iteration of OpenAI’s DALL-E to make sure there would be an open-source dataset to help train image-to-text diffusion models.

“几周之内，舒曼和他的同事就获得了 300 万个图像文本对。

三个月后，他们发布了包含 4 亿对的数据集，”彭博社的文章称。

“这个数字现已超过 50 亿，使 LAION 成为最大的免费图像和字幕数据集。”

从那时起，非营利组织 LAION 就开源人工智能话题公开发表意见：例如，在 2023 年 3 月一封呼吁人工智能“暂停”的公开信引发了围绕风险与炒作的激烈争论后，LAION 呼吁加快研究并建立用于大规模开源人工智能模型的联合国际计算集群。