[Science Popularization and Project Analysis] Lumi

BTC spot ETF once again turns BTC into the protagonist of the crypto market, and at the same time there is an increasingly prosperous BTC ecosystem.There are also many new technologies and projects in the BTC ecosystem. Among them, the @LumiBitL2 project is exploring zk-EVM-based.

Technical Points

Let’s first introduce the technical features of LumiBit and popularize some blockchain technology knowledge.

Rollup

A blockchain extension technology that executes transactions and calculations outside the chain, and aggregates transaction data before submitting it to the main chain for verification. Although the BTC network does not support smart contracts, LumiBit uses client-side verification. Users use open source clients to participate in Rollup verification and do not rely on third-party nodes.ZK-Rollup

Rollups mainly include two types, one is Optimistic Rollups, which uses delayed verification and dispute resolution mechanisms. Set a window period. During the window period, if someone questions the transaction information, they can initiate a challenge to verify the transaction information. No one questions after the window period has passed, and the transaction information is correct by default. When funds are transferred from Layer2 to Layer1, Optimistic Rollups will have a delay. In addition, when verifying transaction information, Optimistic Rollups needs to verify a larger amount of transaction data.In contrast, in ZK-Rollup technology, the transaction data in Layer 2 undergoes zero-knowledge proof, is encrypted and compressed into a smaller ZK proof, and is submitted to the main chain for verification, so the amount of data that needs to be verified is relatively small. And there is no delayed verification window to wait for.ZK-Rollup is a widely recognized blockchain scaling technology.Type2 ZK-EVMButerin once summarized the five types of ZK-EVM in an article.Type1 ZK-EVM is equivalent to Ethereum and fully compatible with Ethereum EVM, but the verification efficiency is low.Type2 ZK-EVM is equivalent to EVM, but the block structure, state tree and other data structures are modified, which can be well compatible with EVM and improve verification efficiency.From Type 3 onwards, the verification efficiency has improved, but the compatibility with EVM has become worse and worse.LumiBit is built based on Scroll technology, can implement Type2 ZK-EVM, and has good EVM compatibility.Circuit designType 2 ZK-EVM can realize designs based on general circuits and can simulate any specific program or algorithm. LumiBit will also provide an SDK for custom circuit design. In addition, LumiBit's circuit design generates a proof state tree that conforms to the BTCUTXO model.LumiBit's circuit provides extremely convenient and flexible infrastructure for DAPP development, providing support for ZK proof synchronization to the BTC network.Halo2 zero-knowledge proofZero-knowledge proof (Zero-Knowledge, ZK). The proof process is that the original data undergoes a series of encrypted calculations to calculate the zk proof. The verification process is that there is no need to know the original data, and the authenticity of the zk proof can be verified using algorithms.There are two main types of ZK technology: zk-SNARK and zk-STARK. The zk proof generated by zk-SNARK is shorter and smaller, so the verification efficiency is faster. General zk-SNARK requires a trusted setup, setting up an initial environment and generating some key material before the zk proof can be calculated. The key material will be destroyed after calculation. However, if the key is leaked, it can be used to forge fake ZK certificates.Halo2 is a SNARK algorithm structure. This structure does not require trusted settings, so it makes up for the security issues of zk-SNARK.Therefore, Halo2 zero-knowledge proof can better balance security and efficiency.Omin WalletLumiBit uses a native BTC wallet to participate in the ecosystem. Abstract account technology is applied here. Users only need to sign with a BTC private key to create an abstract account on the LumiBit chain, perform various on-chain transactions, and participate in the BTCL1 ecosystem and L2's EVM. application.Omin Wallet provides users with a native BTC experience.Real-time cross-chain communication and asynchronous cross-chain transactionsReal-time cross-chain communication means that LumiBit's indexer and listener can read the information of the BTC main network in real time and use it for on-chain applications.Asynchronous cross-chain transactions mean that the assets of the BTC main network can be independently mapped to the LumiBit chain for transactions without the need for pre-processing cross-chains.

Feasibility and Innovation Analysis

Using the client to perform Rollup verification is innovative and feasible. Because ZK proofs, especially those generated by zk-SNARK, have short data, the client can complete the verification. It is not yet known whether LumiBit will introduce certain verification incentives, because LumiBit has not yet issued coins. If a large number of clients participate in LumiBit verification, it may be similar to BTC full nodes.LumiBit is based on Scroll technology, so there is no problem in implementing most of the technologies mentioned above, including ZK-EVM and Halo.Abstract accounts are already implemented technology, and there is no problem with their feasibility.As a system that supports smart contracts, LumiBit can read the data of the BTC main network through smart contracts, index the inscriptions, and naturally realize the cross-chain inscription assets to LumiBit. Real-time cross-chain communication and independent cross-chain transactions are possible.Generally speaking, the technical design of LumiBit's BTCLayer2 has strong feasibility.

Necessity and Advantage Analysis

The inscription ecology that uses BTC transfer notes to record accounts has brought a new form of currency issuance. However, the inscription form is difficult to support an efficient and diversified decentralized application ecosystem.The main function of the Lightning Network is payment rather than application ecosystem.The RGB protocol executes smart contracts on the client, and its security is controversial.Stacks uses the Clarity programming language to implement the smart contract ecosystem, which is neither in line with the mainstream habits of blockchain developers nor the operating habits of users.LumiBit is committed to developing a BTCLayer2 network that is EVM-compatible and uses zero-knowledge proof, which is of practical significance.The advantages of LumiBit are:First, the application ecosystem can be developed in Layer 2 of BTC, and huge transaction data can be compressed into short zk certificates and sent to the BTC main network. Layer 2 greatly reduces application costs and improves efficiency.Second, it is 100% compatible with EVM. Universal and customized circuit designs provide developers with convenient and flexible conditions. Existing EVM applications and users can quickly enter the BTC ecosystem.Third, using Halo2 zero-knowledge proof can take into account both security and efficiency.Fourth, use the BTC native wallet to participate in the ecosystem and use BTC as GAS to provide users with a BTC native experience. This is one of the best features of #LumiBit.Fifth, the LumiBit network indexes BTC inscriptions through smart contracts, which can improve the decentralization of the inscription ecology. Independent cross-chain transactions allow Inscription assets to participate in decentralized applications in the LumiBit ecosystem, reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency. In addition, LumiBit Network plans to establish nodes in multiple Lightning Network channels and multiple public chain ecosystems to achieve a more inclusive BTC wide-area Layer 2.Generally speaking, LumiBit uses advanced Layer2 technology and has excellent compatibility with EVM. On the other hand, LumiBit uses BTC as GAS, participates in the BTC ecosystem in the native BTC wallet, is compatible with smart contracts, inscriptions, lightning networks, and even multi-chain ecosystems, and gradually completes the possibility of a native BTC ecosystem around BTC ecological assets.

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